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&#13;
These cookbooks and featured recipes from our collection of cookbooks, date from 1907 to 1953.  Some were commercial books while others were fundraising books for social service organizations or congregations.  One thing they all had in common was a desire to pass down recipes to future generations.</text>
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                <text>Rhode Island Jewish Historical Association&#13;
&#13;
Rumford Center History&#13;
&#13;
Rumford Center began in 1856 as Rumford Chemical Works, producing and shipping baking powder nationwide and worldwide.&#13;
&#13;
At its height of activity around the turn of the century, Rumford Chemical included 300 acres of working farms and communities to sustain the factory workers, and the Village of Rumford was called the "kitchen capital of the world."&#13;
&#13;
The most popular product from the &#13;
Rumford Chemical Works was Rumford &#13;
Baking Powder, a double-acting baking &#13;
powder that was revolutionary in &#13;
minimizing the time and labor required &#13;
to make breadstuffs. Products like Rumford Baking Powder led to the creation of new types of cakes, cookies, biscuits, and other baked goods.&#13;
&#13;
Rumford Baking Powder is no longer manufactured on-site, but can still be found in grocery stores around the country.&#13;
&#13;
After closing in 1968, the factory buildings at the Rumford Chemical Works fell into disrepair. Fortunately in 2006, PK Rumford LLC purchased the old Chemical Works and breathed new life into the site. The remaining factory buildings were rehabilitated to accommodate 8.3 acres of apartments, office space, retail shops, and restaurants.&#13;
&#13;
Rumford Center has brought new vitality to the historic Rumford neighborhood. More than just another development, Rumford Center has become an economic, historical and cultural engine which has revitalized the village.&#13;
&#13;
On June 12, 2006, Rumford Chemical Works was Designated a National Chemical Historic Landmark for its contribution to the development of baking powder.&#13;
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                <text>Rhode Island Jewish Historical Association&#13;
&#13;
Woonsocket Hebrew Ladies and Sisterhood History&#13;
&#13;
In the fall of 1901 twenty ladies gathered to discuss a Jewish aid society to help the people of Woonsocket. They named the organization the Woonsocket Hebrew Ladies Aid Society and Mrs. Solomon Treitel was the first president. By September 2, 1923 the society was reorganized as an auxiliary of the Woonsocket congregation, B’nai Israel. It met once a month and officers were elected annually. The first major fund-raising event was a rummage sale in 1910 that raised $150. A Hebrew Fund was started and by 1913 the first Hebrew School was established on lower Main Street. &#13;
&#13;
During World War I, the ladies were very busy. They volunteered for the Red Cross and sold Liberty Bonds. They never forgot their commitment to the Jews who immigrated from Europe and Palestine or the local Jews who were in need.&#13;
&#13;
In 1920 the 84-member group became the Hebrew Ladies Aid and Sisterhood. The group bought prayer books and completely financed the Hebrew School. The ladies also contributed to the Jewish Orphanage of Rhode Island, Jewish Home for the Aged, The Miriam Hospital, B’Nai Jacob Synagogue in Woonsocket, and many other Jewish organizations. &#13;
&#13;
In 1937 the idea was conceived to compile a cookbook. The money from the sale of the cookbooks would be used for a new community center. The first year was devoted to collecting recipes and confirming the exact ingredients and measurements. Some recipes were translated from Yiddish. A total of $2,000 was needed for printing costs. The depression made it impossible to raise the money needed, and the project was postponed. Ten years later, in 1947, the cookbook was printed. A second printing was in 1950, and a third in 1952. In 1956 the cookbook sold for $2.25 a copy. About 5,000 copies were sold for a profit of $10,000. The money was divided, and a portion of the profits went to the purchase of stainless steel items for the synagogue’s kitchen and the remainder to the community center.&#13;
&#13;
In May of 1956, the name was changed to Sisterhood, Congregation B’Nai Israel, and in 1962 it was shortened to Sisterhood. A new synagogue and Community Center on Prospect Street was dedicated on September 16, 1962. The sisterhood continued to fund many expenses of the synagogue.&#13;
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Throughout the Sisterhood’s history, it has hosted and sponsored many community programs including: sewing clubs, a Girl Scout troop, interfaith meetings, providing blankets for local hospitals, and still holds the annual Joanne Forman Film Festival and a Women’s Community Seder. As an active institution, the Sisterhood welcomes new members and holds an annual meeting. &#13;
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In 1950, the Sisterhood sponsored a luncheon held at Temple Beth-El to promote the sale of the Temple Beth-El Sisterhood cookbook that the women in the Sisterhood compiled. The luncheon featured dishes from the cookbook. The recipe chosen from the Sisterhood cookbook that has been prepared for this exhibition is Honey Cake, provided by Mrs. Sophie Tenenbaum. &#13;
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                <text>The Montefiore Lodge Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Association of Providence, Rhode Island was the first Jewish women's society in Providence. It was organized by Rabbi David Voorsanger on October 23, 1877 and received its charter from the State Legislature at the January session of 1880 as "The Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Association of the City of Providence," a name which was amended March 6, 1885 to read Montefiore Lodge Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Association. It was chartered "For the purpose of visiting and granting weekly benefits to sick members and to assist the poor and needy."</text>
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&#13;
These cookbooks and featured recipes from our collection of cookbooks, date from 1907 to 1953.  Some were commercial books while others were fundraising books for social service organizations or congregations.  One thing they all had in common was a desire to pass down recipes to future generations.</text>
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&#13;
Our second presentation was on cookbooks and featured recipes from our collection of cookbooks, from 1907 to 1953. Some were commercial books while others were fundraising books for social service organizations or congregations. One thing they all had in common was a desire to pass down recipes to future generations. The various recipes were made and sampled; some were good and some not to a modern taste.</text>
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&#13;
The first one explores many artifacts: a steamship book from a company that brought people from Europe to America, a soldier in the Civil War who was the first Jew to receive the Medal of Honor, our favorite mannequin’s “little sister” – “Bessie” who is a small doll here, dressed as her original was, and many other items.  &#13;
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                <text>Scherenschnitte is the art of cutting paper into designs.  The German word means “paper cutting” or “paper snipping.”  The practice of paper cutting actually began in China and made its way, as a folk art form, to Germany in the 16th Century.  It was popular in Poland from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s.  This piece was done by Samuel Shore, the first president of Sons of Jacob synagogue, and is on loan to us for this exhibit by the Sons of Jacob Congregation and the Rhode Island Jewish Museum.  It was found only a few years ago behind a desk in the synagogue’s office by its President, Harold Silverman. The scherenschnitte itself is a collage of paper, ink, tempera, and graphite (23.3 x 27.5 in.).  It has been carefully restored to show its magnificent colors and design.&#13;
The signs of the zodiac go back over 4,000 years to the Sumerians, whose symbols continue to be used to this day.  &#13;
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Adar  Shevat  Tevet  Kislev  Cheshvan  Tishrei  Elul  Av  Tammuz (note the similarity to Cheshvan)  Sivan  Iyar  Nisan&#13;
Mazzal/Mazel in Hebrew today means “luck,” as in mazel tov, “good luck.”  However, in terms of the zodiac, it can mean “luck/fortune” or “sign,” as in one of the signs of the zodiac.  Thus the good luck comes from the particular zodiac sign when the statement is made.   &#13;
The following is the translation and attribution of the various Hebrew writing in the inside of the work1:&#13;
	I. The inner ring is a selection of verses. Starting to the immediate left of the crown is says:&#13;
1. “By the mouths of the upright are You acclaimed, by the lips of the righteous are You blessed, by the tongue of the pious are You sanctified, among the holy are You praised.”&#13;
It continues down the left side to the angle.&#13;
[This is from the first prayer of the Sabbath morning service (Shaharit). It is Nusach Sefard.&#13;
2. Starting at the small bend on the right and continuing across the bottom to the next bend where no. 1 ends.&#13;
“Know before whom you stand, before the King of Kings, the Holy One, blessed be He.”&#13;
3. Running up the right side to the first bend.&#13;
“Shun evil and do good, seek peace and pursue it” [Psalms, 34:15]&#13;
4. From the bend to the crown on the right side.&#13;
“The eyes of the Lord are on the righteous, His ears are attentive to their cry.”    &#13;
	II. Straight down from the Ten Commandments.&#13;
1. Made by the hands of Shemariah son of Hayyim Zvi Shore.&#13;
2. Right above the menorah.&#13;
Line 1 – “I am ever mindful of the Lord’s Presence” [Psalms, 16:8].&#13;
Line 2 – “I wait for Your deliverance, O Lord” [Genesis, 49:18].&#13;
3. Top of pillars.&#13;
Right side – “Open the gates of righteousness for me that I may enter them and praise the Lord” [Psalms, 118:19].&#13;
Left side – “This is the gateway to the Lord – the righteous enter through it” [Psalms, 118:20]. &#13;
Middle of the menorah – “Let the seven lamps give light at the front of the lampstand” [Numbers, 8:2].&#13;
1 Translated by Dr. Morris Faierstein.&#13;
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&#13;
The first one explores many artifacts: a steamship book from a company that brought people from Europe to America, a soldier in the Civil War who was the first Jew to receive the Medal of Honor, our favorite mannequin’s “little sister” – “Bessie” who is a small doll here, dressed as her original was, and many other items.  &#13;
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The first one explores many artifacts: a steamship book from a company that brought people from Europe to America, a soldier in the Civil War who was the first Jew to receive the Medal of Honor, our favorite mannequin’s “little sister” – “Bessie” who is a small doll here, dressed as her original was, and many other items.  &#13;
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The first one explores many artifacts: a steamship book from a company that brought people from Europe to America, a soldier in the Civil War who was the first Jew to receive the Medal of Honor, our favorite mannequin’s “little sister” – “Bessie” who is a small doll here, dressed as her original was, and many other items.  &#13;
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                <text>The Hebrew Free Loan Association was founded on Feb 4, 1903 by a small group of businessmen who saw the need to help the growing number of immigrants who were coming here penniless from Europe. The small initial capital with which the organization was started was contributed by the few in the community who were able to do so.&#13;
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The size of the loans granted at the beginning ranged from $5 to $25; but as time went on and the community grew, more funds became available, and the organization was able to grant larger loan amounts.&#13;
Persons requesting loans were required only to provide the names of two satisfactory endorsers. Loans up to $50 are granted with-out any endorsers. There are, of course, no charges made of the borrower.&#13;
What is so remarkable about our Hebrew Free Loan is its viability –Its fundamental and ongoing usefulness. In every era and whatever the need, the Association has been not only a beacon of hope but has offered practical steps toward self-improvement and security. Despite precise by-laws, only seldom amended, the Association has attracted not only new borrowers but also new donors and new directors, who continually recycle funds. As the world has rapidly evolved, Hebrew Free Loan has remained relatively simple, stable, and inviting.&#13;
Hebrew Free Loan has remained eager to assist with unforeseen and recurring difficulties, help young people start out on their own, and settle new waves of immigrants. In the latter capacity, the Association has worked fruitfully with Jewish Family Service and the Jewish Federation for three decades.&#13;
Hebrew Free Loan has prospered, both as an idea and as an actuality, for another important reason. True to Jewish teaching, the Association has never been considered a charity. Despite occasional references, the Association has never been a “Jewish bank.” Hebrew Free Loan has been an instrument of tzedakah -social justice -providing opportunities to Jews and others to help themselves.&#13;
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